The Bronze Horseman system of images briefly. Characteristics and image of Eugene in Pushkin's poem The Bronze Horseman. What is the meaning of the poem

Pushkin A. S. The Bronze Horseman, 1833 The method is realistic.

Genre - poem.

History of creation . The poem "The Bronze Horseman" was written in Boldin in the autumn of 1833. In this work, Pushkin describes one of the most terrible floods that occurred in 1824 and brought terrible destruction to the city.

In the work "The Bronze Horseman" there are two main characters: Peter I, who is present in the poem in the form of a reviving statue of the Bronze Horseman, and the petty official Eugene. The development of the conflict between them determines the main idea of ​​the work.

Plot. The work opens with an "Introduction", in which Peter the Great and his "creation" - Petersburg are famous. In the first part, the reader gets acquainted with the main character - an official named Eugene. He lies down, but cannot fall asleep, entertained by thoughts of his situation, that bridges have been removed from the rising river and that this will separate him from his beloved Parasha, who lives on the other side, for two or three days. The thought of Parasha gives rise to dreams of marriage and a future happy and modest life in the family circle, together with a loving and beloved wife and children. Finally, lulled by sweet thoughts, Eugene falls asleep.

However, very soon the weather deteriorates and the whole of St. Petersburg is under water. At this time, on Petrovskaya Square, astride a marble statue of a lion, the motionless Eugene sits. He looks at the opposite bank of the Neva, where his beloved and her mother live in their poor house very close to the water. With his back to him, towering above the elements, "the idol on a bronze horse stands with outstretched hand."

When the water subsides, Evgeny discovers that Parasha and her mother have died and their house is destroyed, and loses his mind. Almost a year later, Eugene vividly recalls the flood. By chance, he ends up at the monument to Peter the Great. Yevgeny threatens the monument in anger, but suddenly it seems to him that the face of the formidable king is turning to him, and anger sparkles in his eyes, and Yevgeny rushes away, hearing the heavy clatter of copper hooves behind him. All night the unfortunate man rushes about the city, and it seems to him that the rider with a heavy stomp is galloping after him everywhere.

P problematics. A brutal clash of historical necessity with the doom of private personal life.

The problem of autocratic power and the disadvantaged people

“Where are you galloping, proud horse, and where will you lower your hooves?” - a question about the future Russian state.

Several thematic and emotional lines: the apotheosis of Peter and Petersburg, the dramatic narration of Eugene, the author's lyricism.

Intention: symbolic clash of two polar opposite forces - private little man and unlimited mighty power of the autocratic state

Evgeniy The image of a shining, lively, magnificent city is replaced in the first part of the poem by a picture of a terrible, destructive flood, expressive images of a raging element over which a person has no power. The element sweeps away everything in its path, carrying away fragments of buildings and destroyed bridges, “pale poverty’s belongings” and even coffins “from a washed-out cemetery” in streams of water. Among those whose lives were destroyed by the flood is Eugene, whose peaceful cares the author speaks at the beginning of the first part of the poem. Eugene is an “ordinary man” (“small” man): he has neither money nor ranks, he “serves somewhere” and dreams of making himself a “humble and simple shelter” in order to marry his beloved girl and go through life with her.

The poem does not indicate either the hero's surname or his age, nothing is said about Yevgeny's past, his appearance, character traits. By depriving Yevgeny of individual features, the author turns him into an ordinary, faceless person from the crowd. However, in an extreme, critical situation, Eugene seems to wake up from a dream, and throws off the guise of "insignificance" and opposes the "copper idol".

Peter I Since the second half of the 1820s, Pushkin has been looking for an answer to the question: can autocratic power be reformist and merciful? In this regard, he artistically explores the personality and state activities of the “reformer tsar” Peter I.

The theme of Peter was painful and painful for Pushkin. Throughout his life, he repeatedly changed his attitude towards this epoch-making image for Russian history. For example, in the poem "Poltava" he glorifies the victorious king. At the same time, in Pushkin's abstracts for the work "The History of Peter I", Peter appears not only as a great statesman and tsar-worker, but also as an autocratic despot, tyrant.

The artistic study of the image of Pyotr Pushkin continues in The Bronze Horseman. The poem "The Bronze Horseman" completes the theme of Peter I in the work of A. S. Pushkin. The majestic appearance of the Tsar-Transformer is drawn in the very first, odically solemn, lines of the poem:

On the shore of desert waves

He stood, full of great thoughts,

And looked into the distance.

The author contrasts the monumental figure of the king with the image of a severe and wildlife. The picture, against which the figure of the king appears before us, is bleak. In front of Peter's eyes is a wide-spread, rushing into the distance river; around the forest, "unknown to the rays in the fog of the hidden sun." But the gaze of the ruler is fixed on the future. Russia must establish itself on the shores of the Baltic - this is necessary for the country's prosperity. Confirmation of his historical correctness is the execution of "great thoughts". A hundred years later, at the time when the plot events begin, the "city of Petrov" became the "midnight" (northern) "diva". “Victory banners” wind at the parades, “huge masses are crowded along the banks”, ships “crowd from all over the earth” come to the “rich marinas”.

The picture of St. Petersburg not only contains an answer to Peter's plan, it glorifies the mighty power of Russia. This is a solemn hymn to her glory, beauty, royal power. The impression is created with the help of elevating epithets (“city” - young, magnificent, proud, slender, rich, strict, radiant, unshakable), reinforced by the antithesis with “desert” nature hostile to man and with “poor”, miserable” her “stepson” - little man. If the huts of the Chukhons “blackened ... here and there”, the forest was “unknown” to the sun’s rays, and the sun itself is hidden “in the fog”, then the main characteristic of St. Petersburg is light. (shine, flame, radiance, golden skies, dawn).

Nature itself strives to drive away the night, "spring days" have come for Russia; The odic meaning of the depicted picture is also confirmed by the fivefold repetition in the author's speech of the admiring "I love."

The author's attitude to Peter the Great is ambiguous . On the one hand, at the beginning of the work, Pushkin utters an enthusiastic hymn to the creation of Peter, confesses his love for the “young city”, before the splendor of which “old Moscow faded”. Peter in the poem appears as "Idol on a bronze horse", as "a powerful master of fate".

On the other hand, Peter the Autocrat is presented in the poem not in any specific deeds, but in the symbolic image of the Bronze Horseman as the personification of inhuman statehood. Even in those lines where he admires Peter and Petersburg, an intonation of anxiety is already audible:

O mighty lord of destiny!

Are you not so above the abyss,

At a height, an iron bridle

Raised Russia on its hind legs?

The tsar also appears before Eugene as a “proud idol”. And this idol is opposed by a living person, whose “brow” burns with wild excitement, “embarrassment”, “flame” is felt in the heart, the soul “boils”.

Conflict . The conflict of the "Bronze Horseman" consists in the collision of the individual with the inevitable course of history, in the opposition of the collective, public will (in the person of Peter the Great) and the personal will (in the person of Eugene). How does Pushkin resolve this conflict?

Opinions of critics about which side Pushkin is on differed. Some believed that the poet justified the right of the state to dispose of a person's life and takes the side of Peter, as he understands the need and benefit of his transformations. Others consider Yevgeny's sacrifice unjustified and believe that the author's sympathies are entirely on the side of "poor" Yevgeny.

The third version seems to be the most convincing: Pushkin, for the first time in Russian literature, showed all the tragedy and insolubility of the conflict between the state and state interests and the interests of the private individual.

Pushkin depicts the tragic conflict of two forces (personality and power, man and state), each of which has its own truth, but both of these truths are limited, incomplete. Peter is right as a sovereign, history is behind him and on his side. Eugene is right as an ordinary person, humanity and Christian compassion are behind him and on his side

The plot of the poem is completed, the hero died, but the central conflict remained and was transferred to the readers, not resolved and in reality itself, the antagonism of the “tops” and “bottoms”, the autocratic power and the destitute people remained.

The symbolic victory of the Bronze Horseman over Eugene is a victory of strength, but not of justice. The question remains” “Where are you galloping, proud horse, and where will you lower your hooves?” This is a metaphorically expressed main question for the author, the question of the future of the Russian state.

(Search for an answer) The problem of the people and power, the theme of mercy - in "The Captain's Daughter". Even in troubled times it is necessary to preserve honor and mercy.

“... The best and most lasting changes are those that come from the improvement of morals, without any violent upheavals”

Human relationships should be built on respect and mercy

Good is life-giving

The image of the natural element in the poem by A. S. Pushkin "The Bronze Horseman"

The Bronze Horseman is the first urban poem in Russian literature. The theme of the poem is complex and multifaceted. The poem is a kind of reflection of the poet about the fate of Russia, about its path: European, associated with the reforms of Peter, and original Russian. The attitude towards the deeds of Peter and the city that he founded has always been ambiguous. The history of the city was presented in various myths, legends and prophecies. In some myths, Peter was presented as the “father of the Fatherland”, a deity who founded a certain intelligent cosmos, a “glorious city”, a “beloved country”, a stronghold of state and military power. These myths originated in poetry and were officially encouraged. In other myths, Peter was the offspring of Satan, the living Antichrist, and St. Petersburg, founded by him, was a “non-Russian” city, satanic chaos, doomed to inevitable disappearance.

Pushkin created synthetic images of Peter and Petersburg. Both concepts complement each other. The poetic myth about the founding of the city is developed in the introduction, focused on the literary tradition, and the myth about its destruction, flooding - in the first and second parts of the poem.

Two parts of the story depict two rebellions against autocracy: the rebellion of the elements and the rebellion of man. In the finale, both of these rebellions will be defeated: poor Eugene, who until recently desperately threatened the Bronze Horseman, will reconcile himself, the enraged Neva will return to its course.

It is interesting in the poem that the riot of the elements itself is depicted. The Neva, once enslaved, "taken prisoner" by Peter, has not forgotten its "old enmity" and with "vain malice" rises up against the enslaver. The "defeated element" is trying to crush its granite fetters and is attacking the "slender masses of palaces and towers" that arose at the behest of the autocratic Peter. The city turns into a fortress besieged by the Neva.

The Neva River, on which the city lies, outraged and violent:

In the morning over her shores

Crowded crowds of people

Admiring the splashes, the mountains

And foam of furious waters.

But by the force of the wind from the bay

Blocked Neva

Went back , angry, vehement,

And flooded the islands.

… From the disturbed depth

the waves rose and got angry,

There the storm howled

There were debris...

The story of the flood acquires a folklore-mythological coloring. The enraged Neva is compared now with a frenzied "beast", then with "thieves" climbing through the windows, then with a "villain" who burst into the village "with his ferocious gang." In the poem there is also a mention of a river deity, the violence of the elements is compared with it:

… water suddenly

Flowed into underground cellars,

Channels poured to the gratings,

And Petropolis surfaced like a triton,

Immersed in water up to my waist.

For a moment it seems that the "defeated element" triumphs, that Fate itself is for it: “The people \ Sees God's wrath and awaits execution. \ Alas! everything is dying…”

The rebellion of the elements depicted by Pushkin helps to reveal the ideological and artistic originality of the work. On the one hand, the Neva, the water element is part of the urban landscape. On the other hand, the anger of the elements, its mythological coloring, reminds the reader of the idea of ​​St. Petersburg as a satanic city, non-Russian, doomed to destruction. Another function of the landscape is associated with the image of Eugene, the "little man". The flood destroys Eugene's humble dreams. It turned out to be disastrous not for the city center and its inhabitants, but for the poor who settled on the outskirts. For Eugene, Peter is not "ruler of the half world" but only the culprit of the disasters that befell him, the one “…whose fateful will \ Under the sea the city was founded…”, who did not take into account the fate of small people not protected from disaster.

The surrounding reality turned out to be hostile for the hero, he is defenseless, but Eugene turns out to be worthy not only of sympathy and condolences, but at a certain moment is admired. When Eugene threatens the "proud idol", his image acquires the features of a genuine heroism. At these moments, the miserable, humble inhabitant of Kolomna, who has lost his home, a beggar tramp, dressed in decayed rags, is completely reborn, for the first time strong passions, hatred, desperate determination, the will for revenge flare up in him.

However, the Bronze Horseman achieves his goal: Eugene resigns himself. The second rebellion is defeated, like the first. As after the riot of the Neva, "everything went back to the old order." Eugene again became the most insignificant of the insignificant, and in the spring his corpse, like a corpse

vagabonds, fishermen buried on a deserted island, "for God's sake."

USE Pushkin "The Bronze Horseman"

Read the given fragment of the text and do tasks B1-B7; C1-C2.

Complete tasks B1-B7. Write down your answer in the form of a word, a combination of words, or a sequence of numbers.

Then, on Petrova Square,

Where a new house has risen in the corner,

Where above the elevated porch

With a raised paw, as if alive,

There are two guard lions

On a marble beast,

Without a hat, hands clenched in a cross,

Sitting motionless, terribly pale

Evgeniy. He was afraid, poor

Not for myself. He didn't hear

As the greedy wave rose,

Washing his soles,

How the rain hit his face

Like the wind, howling violently,

He suddenly took off his hat.

His desperate eyes

Pointed at the edge of one

They were motionless. Like mountains

From the disturbed depth

The waves got up there and got angry,

There the storm howled, there they rushed

The wreckage… God, God! there -

Alas! close to the waves

Near the bay

The fence is unpainted, yes willow

And a dilapidated house: there they are,

Widow and daughter, his Parasha,

His dream... Or in a dream

Does he see it? or all of our

And life is nothing, like an empty dream,

Heaven's mockery of the earth?

And he, as if bewitched,

As if chained to marble

Can't get off! around him

Water and nothing else!

And turned his back on him

In the unshakable height

Over the perturbed Neva

Standing with outstretched hand

Idol on a bronze horse.

IN 1. Specify the genre of the work

IN 2. In which city do the events described in this story take place?

Answer: __________________________________

VZ. In The Bronze Horseman, Pushkin created a generalized artistic image of Yevgeny as a "little man". What term is used to call such images?

Answer: __________________________________

AT 4. In the above fragment, A.S. Pushkin uses a technique based on the repetition of homogeneous consonant sounds. Name it.

… Like mountains

From the disturbed depth

The waves got up there and got angry,

There the storm was angry, there they rushed

Wreckage…

Answer: __________________________________

AT 5. A.S. Pushkin calls Peter I "an idol on a bronze horse." Indicate the trope, which is the replacement of a proper name with a descriptive phrase "

Answer: __________________________________

AT 6. Name the figurative and expressive means of the language, based on the comparison of objects or phenomena.

… or all of our

And life is nothing like an empty dream,

Heaven's mockery of the earth?

Answer: __________________________________

AT 7. The poet in The Bronze Horseman perceives the flood not only as a natural phenomenon, but also as an analogue of life's storms and hardships. What is the name of such a symbolic image, the meaning of which goes beyond the limits of the objective meaning?

Answer: __________________________________

To complete tasks C1 and C2, give a coherent answer to the question in the amount of 5-10 sentences. Rely on the author's position, if necessary, state your point of view. Justify your answer based on the text. Performing task C2, select for comparison two works of different authors (in one of the examples, it is permissible to refer to the work of the author who owns the source text); indicate the titles of the works and the names of the authors; justify your choice and compare the works with the proposed text in the given direction of analysis.

Write down your answers clearly and legibly, following the rules of speech.

C1. What role does the description of various natural phenomena play in this fragment?

(C1. How did the fate of Yevgeny change under the influence of the devastating flood?)

C2. In what works of Russian literature are natural forces involved in the fate of the characters, as in The Bronze Horseman, and in what ways are their roles similar?

As in the poem by A.S. Pushkin's "The Bronze Horseman" is the power of the state opposed to the tragedy of the "little man" Yevgeny?

Use quotes and terms!!!

1. In the introduction, it is necessary to say about the time of writing the work, about the subject or problems of the poem, name the conflict of the work, which is indicated in the topic.

2. In the main part of the essay, we reveal the main conflict of the work.

- The majestic image of Peter in the introduction to the poem. Glorification of the sovereign power of Russia. The historical necessity of the founding of the city.

- The tragedy of the "little man" Eugene.

- A symbolic clash of two polar opposite forces - an ordinary little man and the unlimited powerful force of an autocratic state in the images of the Bronze Horseman and Eugene.

Conflict resolution. The victory of force, but not of justice.

3. In conclusion:

- a specific answer to the question stated in the topic. (How ...? - Symbolically in the images of the flood as an analogue of life's storms and hardships. Symbolically in the images of the Bronze Horseman and the driven, resigned Eugene.

The history of creation and analysis of the poem "The Bronze Horseman" by A.S. Pushkin

History of creation The last poem, written by Pushkin in Boldino in October 1833, is the artistic result of his reflections on the personality of Peter I, on the "Petersburg" period of Russian history. The main themes of the poem "The Bronze Horseman" The main themes of the poem: the theme of Peter, "the miraculous builder", and the theme of the "simple" ("little") person, the theme of the relationship between a simple person and power.

The story about the flood forms the first semantic plan of the poem, the historical one, which is emphasized by the words "a hundred years have passed." The story about the city begins in 1803 (this year St. Petersburg turned a hundred years old). The flood is the historical basis of the plot and the source of one of the conflicts of the poem - the conflict between the city and the elements. Analysis of the poem "The Bronze Horseman"

The second semantic plan of the poem is literary, fictional, given the subtitle: "Petersburg Tale". Eugene is the central character of this story. The faces of the rest of the inhabitants of St. Petersburg are indistinguishable. This is the "people" crowding the streets, drowning during the flood (the first part), and the cold, indifferent people of St. Petersburg in the second part. St. Petersburg became the real background of the story about the fate of Eugene: Senate Square, the streets and the outskirts, where the “ramshackle house” of his beloved Eugene stood. Analysis of the poem "The Bronze Horseman"

The Bronze Horseman, awakened by the words of Eugene, breaking off his pedestal, ceases to be only an "idol on a bronze horse", that is, a monument to Peter. He becomes the mythological embodiment of the "terrible king". Having pushed the bronze Peter and the poor St. Petersburg official Yevgeny into conflict in the poem, Pushkin emphasized that state power and man are separated by an abyss. Analysis of the poem "The Bronze Horseman" An important role is played by the third semantic plan, legendary and mythological. It is given by the title of the poem "The Bronze Horseman". This semantic plan interacts with the historical one in the introduction, sets off the plot narrative about the flood and the fate of Eugene, and dominates in the climax of the poem (the Bronze Horseman's pursuit of Eugene). A mythological hero appears, a revived statue of the Copper Horseman.

Eugene is the antipode of the "idol on a bronze horse." He has something that the bronze Peter is deprived of: heart and soul. He is able to dream, grieve, "fear" for the fate of his beloved, to languish from torment. The deep meaning of the poem is that Eugene is compared not with Peter the man, but precisely with Peter's "idol", with a statue. Analysis of the poem "The Bronze Horseman"

Eugene, who has gone mad, wanders around St. Petersburg, not noticing the humiliation and human malice, deafened by the "noise of inner anxiety." It is the “noise” in Yevgeny’s soul, which coincided with the noise of the natural elements (“It was gloomy: / It was raining, the wind howled sadly”) awakens the memory in the madman: “Yevgeny jumped up; remembered vividly / He is a past horror. It is the memory of the flood that he experienced brings him to the Senate Square, where he meets the "idol on a bronze horse" for the second time. This is the climax of the poem. Analysis of the poem "The Bronze Horseman"

This climactic episode of the poem, which ended with the Bronze Horseman chasing the “poor madman”, is especially important for understanding the meaning of the whole work. Often in the words of Eugene, addressed to the bronze Peter (“Good, miraculous builder! / He whispered, trembling angrily, / Already to you! ..”), they see a rebellion, an uprising against the “ruler of half the world” In this case, the question inevitably arises: who the winner - statehood, embodied in the "proud idol", or humanity, embodied in Eugene? However, it is hardly possible to consider the words of Eugene a rebellion or an uprising. The words of the insane hero are caused by the memory awakened in him. Analysis of the poem "The Bronze Horseman"

In the chase scene, the second reincarnation of the “idol on a bronze horse” takes place. He turns into the Bronze Horseman. A mechanical creature rides after Man, which has become a pure embodiment of power, punishing even for a timid threat and a reminder of retribution. Analysis of the poem "The Bronze Horseman"

A senseless and fruitless pursuit, reminiscent of "running in place", has a deep philosophical meaning. The contradictions between man and power cannot be resolved or disappear: man and power are always tragically linked. Pushkin, recognizing the greatness of Peter, defends the right of every person to personal happiness. The clash of the "little man" - the poor official Yevgeny - with the unlimited power of the state ends with the defeat of Yevgeny. The author sympathizes with the hero, but understands that the rebellion of a loner against the lord of fate is insane and hopeless. Analysis of the poem "The Bronze Horseman"

The poem "The Bronze Horseman" by A.S. Pushkin is one of the most perfect creations of the poet. In its style, it resembles "Eugene Onegin", and in content it is close at the same time to history and mythology. This work reflects the thoughts of A.S. Pushkin about Peter the Great and absorbed various opinions about the reformer.

The poem became the final work of those written during the Boldin autumn. At the end of 1833, The Bronze Horseman was completed.

At the time of Pushkin, there were two types of people - some idolized Peter the Great, while others attributed to him a relationship with Satan. On this basis, myths were born: in the first case, the reformer was called the Father of the Fatherland, they talked about an unprecedented mind, the creation of a city-paradise (Petersburg), in the second, they prophesied the collapse of the city on the Neva, accused Peter the Great of having connections with dark forces, called the Antichrist.

The essence of the poem

The poem begins with a description of St. Petersburg, A.S. Pushkin emphasizes the uniqueness of the place for construction. Eugene lives in the city - the most ordinary employee, poor, does not want to get rich, it is more important for him to remain an honest and happy family man. Financial well-being is required only for the need to provide for your beloved Parasha. The hero dreams of marriage and children, dreams of meeting old age hand in hand with his girlfriend. But his dreams were not destined to come true. The work describes the flood of 1824. A terrible time when people perished in layers of water, when the Neva raged and swallowed up the city with its waves. In such a flood, Parasha dies. Eugene, on the other hand, shows courage during a disaster, does not think about himself, tries to see the house of his beloved in the distance and runs to him. When the storm subsides, the hero hurries to the familiar gate: here is a willow, but there is no gate and no house either. This picture broke young man, he is doomedly dragged along the streets of the northern capital, leads the life of a wanderer and every day relives the events of that fateful night. In one of these blurs, he comes across the house where he used to live and sees a statue of Peter the Great on horseback - the Bronze Horseman. He hates the reformer because he built a city on the water that killed his beloved. But suddenly the rider comes to life and angrily rushes at the offender. Later, the tramp will die.

In the poem, the interests of the state and the common man collide. On the one hand, Petrograd was called the northern Rome, on the other hand, its foundation on the Neva was dangerous for the inhabitants, and the flood of 1824 confirms this. Yevgeny's vicious speeches against the reforming ruler are interpreted in different ways: the first is a rebellion against the autocracy; the second is the revolt of Christianity against paganism; the third is the pitiful murmur of a small man, whose opinion is not put on a par with the force necessary for changes on a national scale (that is, to achieve grandiose goals, you always have to sacrifice something, and the mechanism of collective will will not be stopped by the misfortune of one person).

Genre, meter and composition

The genre of "The Bronze Horseman" is a poem written, like "Eugene Onegin", in iambic tetrameter. The composition is quite strange. It has an exorbitantly large introduction, which in general can be considered as a separate independent work. Then 2 parts, which talk about the main character, the flood and the collision with the Bronze Horseman. There is no epilogue in the poem, more precisely, it is not singled out by the poet himself separately - the last 18 lines about the island on the seaside and the death of Eugene.

Despite the non-standard structure, the work is perceived as a whole. This effect is created by compositional parallelisms. Peter the Great lived 100 years earlier than main character, but this does not interfere with creating a sense of the presence of a reforming ruler. His personality is expressed through the monument of the Bronze Horseman; but the person of Peter himself appears at the beginning of the poem, in the introduction, when it is about the military and economic significance of St. Petersburg. A.S. Pushkin also carries the idea of ​​the immortality of the reformer, because even after his death, innovations appeared and the old ones were in force for a long time, that is, he launched that heavy and clumsy machine of change in Russia.

So, the figure of the ruler appears throughout the poem, either as his own person, or in the form of a monument, he is revived by the confused mind of Eugene. The time interval of the narrative between the introduction and the first part is 100 years, but, despite such a sharp jump, the reader does not feel it, since A.S. Pushkin connected the events of 1824 with the so-called "culprit" of the flood, because it was Peter who built the city on the Neva. It is interesting to note that this book on the construction of composition is completely uncharacteristic of Pushkin's style, it is an experiment.

Characteristics of the main characters

1. Eugene - we know little about him; lived in Kolomna, served there. He was poor, but had no ill taste for money. Despite the perfect commonness of the hero, and he would easily be lost among thousands of the same gray residents of St. Petersburg, he has a lofty and bright dream that fully meets the ideals of many people - marrying his beloved girl. He - as Pushkin himself liked to call his characters - "the hero of the French novel." But his dreams are not destined to come true, Parasha dies in the flood of 1824, and Eugene goes crazy. The poet painted for us a weak and insignificant young man, whose face is instantly lost against the background of the figure of Peter the Great, but even this layman has his own goal, which is commensurate with or even surpasses the personality of the Bronze Horseman in strength and nobility.
2. Peter the Great - in the introduction, his figure is presented as a portrait of the Creator, Pushkin recognizes an incredible mind in the ruler, but emphasizes despotism. First, the poet shows that although the emperor is higher than Eugene, he is not higher than God and the elements that are not subject to him, but the power of Russia will pass through all adversity and remain unharmed and unshakable. The author has repeatedly noticed that the reformer was too autocratic, did not pay attention to the misfortunes of ordinary people who became victims of his global transformations. Probably, opinions on this topic will always differ: on the one hand, tyranny is a bad quality that a ruler should not have, but on the other hand, would such extensive changes be possible if Peter was softer? Everyone answers this question for himself.

Subject

The clash of power and the common man is the main theme of the poem "The Bronze Horseman". In this work, A.S. Pushkin reflects on the role of the individual in the fate of the whole state.

The Bronze Horseman personifies Peter the Great, whose reign was close to despotism and tyranny. His hand introduced reforms that completely changed the course of ordinary Russian life. But when a forest is cut down, chips will inevitably fly. Can a small man find his happiness when such a lumberjack does not take into account his interests? The poem answers no. A clash of interests between the authorities and the people in this case is inevitable, of course, the latter remain the losers. A.S. Pushkin reflects on the structure of the state in the time of Peter the Great and the fate of a single hero taken in it - Eugene, coming to the conclusion that the empire is cruel to people in any case, and whether its greatness is worth such sacrifices is an open question.

The creator also addresses the topic of the tragic loss of a loved one. Eugene cannot stand loneliness and grief of loss and does not find what to cling to in life if there is no love.

Issues

• In the poem "The Bronze Horseman" A.S. Pushkin raises the problem of the individual and the state. Eugene is a native of the people. He is the most ordinary petty official, lives from hand to mouth. His soul is full of high feelings for Parasha, with whom he dreams of marrying. The monument of the Bronze Horseman becomes the face of the state. In oblivion of the mind, a young man comes across the house where he lived before the death of his beloved and before his madness. His gaze stumbles upon the monument, and his sick mind revives the statue. Here it is, the inevitable clash of the individual and the state. But the rider is viciously chasing Yevgeny, pursuing him. How dare the hero grumble at the emperor?! The reformer thought on a larger scale, considering plans for the future in a full-length dimension, as from a bird's eye view he looked at his creations, not peering at the people who were overwhelmed by his innovations. The people sometimes suffered from the decisions of Peter, just as now they sometimes suffer from the ruling hand. The monarch erected a beautiful city, which during the flood of 1824 became a cemetery for many residents. But he does not take into account the opinion of ordinary people, it seems that with his thoughts he went far ahead of his time, and even after a hundred years, not everyone was able to comprehend his plan. Thus, a person is not protected in any way from the arbitrariness of higher persons, his rights are rudely and with impunity trampled.
• The problem of loneliness also bothered the author. The hero could not bear a day of life without the second half. Pushkin reflects on how vulnerable and vulnerable we are, how the mind is not strong and subject to suffering.
• The problem of indifference. No one helped the townspeople to evacuate, no one corrected the consequences of the storm either, and officials did not even dream of compensation for the families of the dead and social support for the victims. The state apparatus showed a surprising indifference to the fate of its subjects.

State as the Bronze Horseman

For the first time, we encounter the image of Peter the Great in the poem "The Bronze Horseman" in the introduction. Here the ruler is depicted as the Creator, who conquered the elements and built a city on the water.

The emperor's reforms were disastrous for the common people, since they were guided only by the nobility. Yes, and she had a hard time: remember how Peter forcibly cut the beards of the boyars. But the main victim of the monarch's ambitions was the ordinary working people: it was they who paved the road to the northern capital for hundreds of lives. The city on the bones - that's it - the personification of the state machine. It was comfortable for Peter himself and his entourage to live in innovations, because they saw only one side of new affairs - progressive and beneficial, but that destructive action and " side effects These changes fell on the shoulders of "small" people, nobody cared. The elite looked at St. Petersburg drowning in the Neva from "high balconies" and did not feel all the sorrows of the water foundation of the city. Peter perfectly reflects in himself the peremptory absolutist state system - there will be reforms, but the people "will live somehow."

If at first we see the Creator, then closer to the middle of the poem, the poet propagates the idea that Peter the Great is not God and it is completely beyond his power to cope with the elements. At the end of the work, we see only a stone likeness of the former ruler, who was sensational in Russia. Years later, the Bronze Horseman has become only an occasion for unreasonable anxiety and fear, but this is only a fleeting feeling of a madman.

What is the meaning of the poem?

Pushkin created a multifaceted and ambiguous work, which must be evaluated in terms of ideological and thematic content. The meaning of the poem "The Bronze Horseman" lies in the confrontation between Eugene and the Bronze Horseman, the individual and the state, which criticism deciphers in different ways. So, the first meaning is the opposition of paganism and Christianity. Peter was often awarded the title of Antichrist, and Eugene opposes such thoughts. Another thought: the hero is a philistine, and the reformer is a genius, they live in different worlds and do not understand each other. The author, however, admits that both types are needed for the harmonious existence of civilization. The third meaning is that the main character personified the rebellion against autocracy and despotism, which the poet propagated, because he belonged to the Decembrists. The same helplessness of the uprising he allegorically retold in a poem. And one more interpretation of the idea is a pitiful and doomed to failure attempt by a “little” person to change and turn the course of the state machine in the other direction.

Small man

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The key character of the work, along with the Bronze Horseman, is Eugene, represented by the poet in the form of a petty Petersburg official, who is not distinguished by any talents and does not have any special merits.

Eugene has noble roots, but since he is currently poor, he eschews meetings with noble people of the aristocratic circle, showing cowardice and melancholy.

The life meaning of the hero is the dream of a good job, family, financial well-being, children. Eugene associates his dream with an ordinary girl from a poor Parasha family, who lives with her mother on the banks of the Neva in a dilapidated house.

One day, a flood hits the city, accompanied by a strong storm, as a result of which Parasha dies, and her dilapidated house is destroyed, like many others in the city. Heartbroken and having lost hope for happiness in the future, Eugene loses his mind and becomes an insane person, wandering the streets, collecting alms, spending the night on damp ground and sometimes suffering beatings from evil passers-by who treat the man with contempt and ridicule.

At some point, Eugene begins to think that the culprit of all his life upheavals is the monument to the founder of the city, Peter the Great, created in the form of the Bronze Horseman. It seems to the young man that the monumental creation mocks his grief, haunts him even in his sleep, mocking the suffering of a desperate person.

Despite the inclement weather, Eugene approaches the majestic monument, wanting only to look into its impudent eyes, uttering abusive remarks about the iron idol, not realizing that the monument cannot be to blame for the misfortunes that have occurred.

A small and insignificant little man dares to threaten the autocrat in the form of a monument, cursing him and promising God's retribution in the future. During Eugene's monologue, addressed to the founder of St. Petersburg, a new natural disaster occurs in the form of a destructive storm, as a result of which the hero finds rest, dying.

Narrating the life of the protagonist of the poem, the author in the image of Eugene reveals the transformation of an ordinary person who has experienced life's upheavals into a protesting rebel who dared to protest against the existing injustice, entering into an unequal fight and expressing unwillingness to silently accept the cruelty of evil fate and fate.

Composition about Eugene

The main character of Pushkin's poem "The Bronze Horseman" is Eugene. The main character is a typical resident of St. Petersburg, he thinks only about material wealth and how to move up the career ladder as soon as possible.

Eugene is all in family troubles, does not think about the future, about his duty and the Motherland. If all these components are combined together, you get the image of a small person. Alexander Sergeevich does not like such people.

This character does not have a last name. In this element, in principle, the relationship of the author to the character is manifested. With this technique, Pushkin tries to prove to the reader that any resident of St. Petersburg is suitable for the role of the main character in this work.

During a flood in the city, Eugene does not try to help in any way in the situation, he just watches. This is the selfishness of the character, he does not think about anything but his own benefit and himself. All his thoughts are occupied with very banal things.

After the incident in the city, Eugene becomes uneasy, it seems to him that he is slowly losing his mind. He constantly wanders through his favorite streets of St. Petersburg. Thoughts of the past come into my head, how good it used to be. For Pushkin this positive quality living and real person.

Against the backdrop of all this stress comes nature. The surrounding noise harmonizes well with the noise in Eugene's soul. After the realization of everything that happened comes to him, a common mind returns to Eugene. He begins to feel a huge loss.

Finally, patriotism wakes up in the main characters. He wants to avenge everything, so he raises a rebellion. Reading the work, at this stage, you can notice a radical change in the characters.

The main task of Pushkino was to show how merciless a little person who started a rebellion can be. Although this case can be called a tragedy, despite the emotions, people can and want to fight for the truth.

We can say that Eugene is the prototype of the Russian people, who is sometimes blind, but the main thing is to open your eyes in time. The Russian people can and wants to change their lives for the better. Probably, this is the main thing that Alexander Sergeevich Pushkin wanted to convey to his reader. With his work, he urged everyone to go to the end and fight for the truth.

Option 3

Evgeny is the main character of A.S. Pushkin's immortal poem "The Bronze Horseman". He is "young and healthy". Eugene has an aristocratic origin: his pedigree originates from an old boyar family. Despite his honorable origin, Eugene did not gain fame among the people of high society, because his once respected family will be forgotten.

The hero works in the public service. Eugene is a petty official whose financial situation leaves much to be desired. The hero is hardworking: in order to earn a living, Eugene is ready to work day and night. He rents a small room in one of the sleeping areas of St. Petersburg. The hero is in love with a girl named Parasha, with whom he sincerely hopes to create a strong and friendly family, but his plans, unfortunately, did not materialize. The tragic death of Parasha crosses out all the plans of the lover for a happy family life.

Shocked by the death of his beloved, Eugene finds no place for himself. In his eyes there is no longer a twinkle, and his heart and soul are broken by grief. Like a wildling, he is practically unconscious, wandering the streets of St. Petersburg. Once a neat and full of vitality man, drags out a meaningless and miserable existence.

During a natural disaster, the hero clings tightly to the bronze horseman. In this episode, the author emphasizes such a small detail as the look of the hero: Eugene looks in the same direction as the rider. However, Peter's gaze is directed deep into the centuries (the rider thinks about historical achievements, he does not care about human fate), and the official looks at the dilapidated dwelling of his beloved, which, like hundreds of houses, is located in the center of the raging elements.

Comparing Eugene and the Bronze Horseman, the author makes the reader understand that the hero, unlike the founder of St. Petersburg, has a loving heart: Eugene worries about the fate of his beloved, while Peter I (and the state in his person) is not capable of this.

The author, in the work "The Bronze Horseman", emphasizes the conflict between the state and a single individual. The monument to Peter I personifies the state, and Eugene acts as a simple poor official, a victim of circumstances. The hero blames Russia for all his troubles, in particular the bronze horseman who built the city in such a disadvantaged place.

The fate of the hero is tragic. The story of Eugene is the personification of feudal Russia, a state where "historical necessity" prevails over hundreds of human lives.

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A. S. Pushkin's poem "The Bronze Horseman" combined both historical and social issues. This is the author's reflection on Peter the Great as a reformer, a collection of various opinions and assessments about his actions. This poem is one of his perfect writings that have a philosophical meaning. We offer for acquaintance brief analysis poems, the material can be used to work on literature lessons in grade 7.

Brief analysis

Year of writing– 1833

History of creation- During his "golden autumn", when Pushkin was forced to stay in the Boldin estate, the poet had a creative upsurge. In that "golden" time, the author created many brilliant works that made a great impression on both the public and critics. One of such works of the Boldino period was the poem "The Bronze Horseman".

Topic- The reign of Peter the Great, the attitude of society to his reforms - the main theme of "The Bronze Horseman"

Composition– The composition consists of a large introduction, it can be considered as a separate poem, and two parts, which deal with the main character, the devastating flood of 1824, and the meeting of the hero with the Bronze Horseman.

Genre- The genre of "The Bronze Horseman" is a poem.

Direction - Historical poem describing actual events, direction- realism.

History of creation

At the very beginning of the history of the creation of the poem, the writer was in the Boldin estate. He thought a lot about the history of the Russian state, about its rulers and autocratic power. At that time, society was divided into two types of people - some fully supported the policy of Peter the Great, treated him with adoration, and the other type of people found in the great emperor a resemblance to evil spirits, considered him a fiend, and treated him accordingly.

The writer listened to different opinions about the reign of Peter, the result of his reflections and the collection of various information, was the poem "The Bronze Horseman", which completed his Boldino heyday of creativity, the year the poem was written was 1833.

Topic

In The Bronze Horseman, the analysis of the work displays one of the main topics- power and a small person. The author reflects on the rule of the state, on the collision of a small man with a huge colossus.

Myself the meaning of the name- "The Bronze Horseman" - contains the main idea of ​​the poetic work. The monument to Peter is made of bronze, but the author preferred another epithet, more ponderous and gloomy. So, through expressive artistic means, the poet describes a powerful state machine, for which the problems of small people suffering from the power of autocratic rule are indifferent.

In this poem, conflict between the little man and the authorities does not have its continuation, a person is so small for the state, when "the forest is cut down - the chips fly."

In different ways one can judge the role of one person in the fate of the state. In his introduction to the poem, the author characterizes Peter the Great as a man of amazing intelligence, far-sighted and decisive. Being in power, Peter looked far ahead, he thought about the future of Russia, about its power and invincibility. The actions of Peter the Great can be judged in different ways, accusing him of despotism and tyranny in relation to the common people. It is impossible to justify the actions of a ruler who built power on the bones of people.

Composition

Pushkin's ingenious idea in the features of the composition of the poem serves as proof of the poet's creative skill. A large introduction dedicated to Peter the Great and the city he built can be read as an independent work.

The language of the poem has absorbed all genre originality, emphasizing the author's attitude to the events he describes. In the description of Peter and Petersburg, the language is pretentious, majestic, completely in harmony with the appearance of the emperor, great and powerful.

A completely different language is the story of a simple Eugene. Narrative speech about the hero is in the usual language, reflects the essence of the "little man".

The greatest genius of Pushkin is clearly visible in this poem, it is all written in the same meter, but in different parts of the work, it sounds completely different. The two parts of the poem following the introduction can also be considered a separate work. These parts tell about an ordinary man who lost his girlfriend in a flood.

Eugene blames the monument to Peter for this, implying in it the emperor himself - the autocrat. A person who dreams of simple human happiness has lost the meaning of life, having lost the most precious thing - he has lost his beloved girl, his future. It seems to Evgeny that the Bronze Horseman is chasing him. Eugene understands that the autocrat is cruel and ruthless. Crushed by grief, the young man goes crazy, and then dies, left without the meaning of life.

It can be concluded that in this way the author continues the theme of the “little man”, developed at that time in Russian literature. By this he proves how despotic government is in relation to the common people.

main characters

Genre

The work "The Bronze Horseman" belongs to the genre of a poetic poem with a realistic direction.

The poem is large-scale in its deep content, it includes both historical and philosophical issues. There is no epilogue in the poem, and the contradictions between the little man and the whole state remain open.

Artwork test

Analysis Rating

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