Figures from a million and above. Big numbers - what are they giant numbers? Compound names for large numbers
natural cardinal number, which is depicted in the decimal number system, as one and 9 zeros (1,000,000,000 = 10 in the ninth power = one thousand million), in the system of naming numbers with a long (also called English) scale
Definition of a billion, designation of a billion, the use of a billion in antiquity, principles of building a billion in short and long scales, superstitions about a billion, interesting facts about a billion, the equivalent of a billion, the volume of a billion, the weight of a billion, billion rubles, billion dollars, billion barrels, billionaires and films billionaires
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A billion is, definition
Billion is quantitative numeral, which has a generally recognized use in and, being the only borrowed designation from the system of naming numbers with a long scale (another name for the English scale), denotes natural number, which in the decimal number system has the designation as one and 9 zeros, while equal to 1000 million, 1,000,000,000 and equal to 10 to the ninth power, and also has a synonym in systems of numbers with a short scale - Billion.
Written designation of the numerical value Billion
A billion is a number and a quantity equal to one thousand million.
Billion is a number represented by one followed by nine zeros is the same as a billion. The billionth derivative has two meanings. The first is a billion, billions of some units (billionth state), the second is a serial number, which is equal to one billion (the billionth inhabitant of the country was born).
Bln. - it a word denoting a numerical value, which originally meant 10 to the twelfth power, and was obtained in the "Arithmetic" of Tranchan (1558), but its current value is 10 to the ninth power (thousands of millions) and was used in the 19th century. along with the word "billion", but this word came into use only after receiving from France 5 billions of indemnity after 1871.
A billion is a quantitative value denoting a plurality, great amount, an indefinite set of something - or someone.
Billion is a number that is written using one and NINE zeros
Bln. where is it- this is a thousand million in all except England, where a billion is equal to a million million.
Billion what is it is a number equal to a billion and equal to one thousand million. However, such a meaning is put into the word "billion" by all modern authors; in the past, a million million was called a billion, but this meaning of the word should be remembered only when reading the works of the authors of antiquity, when in each case it is necessary to clarify the meaning of this term.
Billion where- it is in the system of naming numbers with a long scale designation of thousands of millions, is a generally accepted concept in Russia.
So how many zeros are there in a billion?
Evolution of a billion - from ancient numbers to modern
The southern and eastern Slavic peoples used alphabetical numbering to write numbers. Moreover, among the Russians, not all letters played the role of numbers, but only those that are in the Greek alphabet. A special "titlo" icon was placed above the letter denoting the number. Wherein numerical values letters increased in the same order in which the letters in the Greek alphabet followed (the order of the letters in the Slavic alphabet was somewhat different).
In Russia, Slavic numbering was preserved until the end of the 17th century. Under Peter I, the so-called "Arabic numbering" prevailed, which we still use today.
There were also changes in the names of the numbers. For example, until the 15th century, the number "twenty" was designated as "two ten" (two tens), but then it was shortened for a faster pronunciation. Until the 15th century, the number "forty" was denoted by the word "fourty", and in the 15th-16th centuries this word was supplanted by the word "forty", which originally meant a sack containing 40 squirrel or sable skins. There are two variants of the origin of the word "thousand": from the old name "thick one hundred" or from a modification of the Latin word centum - "one hundred".
The name "million" first appeared in 1500 and was formed by adding an increasing suffix to the number "millet" - a thousand (that is, it meant "a large thousand"), it got into the Russian language later, and before that the same meaning in Russian language was denoted by the number "leodr".
The word "billion" came into use only since the Franco-Prussian war (1871), when the French had to pay an indemnity to Germany in the amount of 5,000,000,000. Like “million,” the word “billion” comes from the root “thousand” with the addition of an Italian augmentation suffix. In Germany and America for some time the word "billion" meant the number 100,000,000; this explains that the word billionaire was used in America before any of the wealthy had 1,000,000,000.
Change in the number of dollar billionaires in Russian Federation and in the world, people.
In the old (18th century) "Arithmetic" by Magnitsky, there is a table of the names of numbers, brought to "quadrillion" (10 to 24 degrees, according to the system after 6 digits). Perelman Ya.I. in the book "Entertaining arithmetic" the names of large numbers of that time are given, somewhat different from those of today: septillion (10 to 42 degrees), octalion (10 to 48 degrees), nonalion (10 to 54 degrees), decallion (10 to 60 degrees), endecalion (10 to 66 degrees), dodecalion (10 to 72 degrees), while it is noted that "there are no further names."
Building the name of a billion in different systems
For reading multi-digit numbers, the anonymous 1200 manuscript for the first time recommends breaking the numbers into groups of 3 or marking the groups with dots at the top or with arcs; the same then recommends (1228). Subsequent authors also come to this system. All the names of large numbers are constructed in a rather simple way: at the beginning there is a Latin ordinal number, and at the end the suffix-million is added to it. The exception is the name "million" which is the name of the number one thousand (mille) and the augmentation suffix-million.
In the Russian Federation, a system of naming numbers with a long scale was initially introduced, and, apparently, in print for the first time in 1703 in LF Magnitsky's "Arithmetic". However, at the end of the 18th century, during the reign of Paul I, France was followed by a transition to a short scale. adopted the revised French system, and continued to adhere to the old one. France in 1948 returned to the previous system adopted in the 15th century, and the same system spread to French-speaking people. So, in the translation of the first part - "Arithmetic" - "Course of Mathematics" by Etienne Bezout, published in 1798, a system of naming numbers with a short scale was introduced, despite the fact that even in the book "Arithmetic or numeral book" by N. G. Kurganov published in 1791 (1725 or 1726-1796) the long scale is used.
The short and long scales are two historically established options for constructing a system of naming numbers. Many countries, including most countries in continental Europe, use the long scale, while most English-speaking countries use the short one. In each of these countries, the names of the numbers are translated into the local language, but remain similar to the original version, according to the general etymology. There are other independent systems - for example, most Eastern countries have their own system of naming numbers.
Short scale (American system)
In the case of a short scale, all the names of large numbers are constructed as follows: at the beginning there is a Latin numeral denoting the degree of a thousand, and at the end the suffix "-million" is added to it. An exception is the name “million”, which is derived from the Latin numeral mille “thousand” with the augmenting suffix “-on” -one). This is how the numbers are obtained - million, billion, trillion, quadrillion, quintillion, sextillion, etc. The naming system for numbers with a short scale is used in the Russian Federation, Belarus, USA, Great Britain, Greece. The number of zeros in a number written in this system is determined by the formula 3 x + 3 (where x is a Latin numeral).
Long Scale (English System)
The names of numbers in this system are constructed as follows: the suffix "-on" is added to the Latin numeral denoting the degree of a million, the name of the next number (1000 times larger) is formed from the same Latin numeral, but with the suffix "-ard". That is, after a trillion in this system there is a trillion, and only then a quadrillion, followed by a quadrillion, etc. The number of zeros in a number written according to this system and ending with the suffix "-illion" is determined by the formula 6 · x (where x is a Latin numeral) and by the formula 6 · x + 3 for numbers ending in “-billion”.
Off-system numbers
The smallest such number is a myriad (it is even in Dahl's dictionary), which means one hundred hundred, that is, 10,000 does not mean a definite number at all, but an uncountable, uncountable set of something. It is believed that the word myriad came into European languages from ancient Egypt.
In the well-known Buddhist treatise Jaina Sutra dating back to 100 BC, there is a number of asankheya (from Chinese asenci - innumerable) equal to 10 140. It is believed that this number is equal to the number of cosmic cycles required to attain nirvana. The majlitz presents the differences in translations of the meaning of a and b of the Asankheya number, which in translation from Hindu and Buddhist is denoted as the number 10 with 140 zeros or, as shown in the Avatamsaka Sutra, the number 10 to the power of a multiplied by 2b
Superstitions about the billion and other numbers
Since olden times, people have attached numbers and numbers mystical meaning, even Pythagoras believed that 7 is the number of health, 8 is eternity and love, 10 is happiness and others.
10 facts about numbers: lucky numbers in different countries
Signs and superstitions associated with numbers
Since ancient times and in our time, many people have believed and believe in lucky and unlucky numbers. The essence of numerical superstitions and numerical mysticism is that a mystical, supernatural, mysterious meaning is attributed to individual numbers. The inspirers of all superstitions without exception are the ministers of different religions, since the basis of superstitions is the belief in the existence of mysterious, inaccessible to people, connections between things and phenomena.
Consider a few examples of the most memorable numerical superstitions:
A person born on the first day of the month will be lucky in life, but in house number 1, the residents of the house feel the desire to reach new heights, to become stronger and more independent;
Number 3 is lucky, so many rituals and spells are repeated three times, the following expression is also known: God loves a trinity;
Five is a magic number, six is a dubious one, remember the devil's apocalyptic number 666;
The seven is perhaps the most lucky sign, so the world was created by God for seven days, the seventh child in the family is the happiest, happiest and the one whose date of birth is divisible by 7, warlocks believe that every seven years the human body is completely renewed;
But eleven is the number of excessiveness, which is characteristic both for an enlightened person and for a person falling into the abyss of hallucinations .;
Thirteen and nothing to say - a damn dozen. At the table at the Last Supper, 13 people were sitting with Christ. It's not good when 13 guests gather at the table - one of them (the first one to get up from the table) is destined to die in a year. Hotels and airlines avoid the number 13 for rooms and flight numbers. The worst day is Friday the 13th.
Has anyone ever wondered how many years are a billion seconds? Everyone I ask says, "About 50 years old." 31 years 251 days 3 hours 39 seconds ....
Assumption of a very young universe (less than 1 billion years old)
But November 29, 2738 will be 1,000,000 days A.D. At the same time, only 7 men and 33 women lived a million hours. After all, this is 114 years ... And 1,000,000 seconds is only 11.5 days.
Billion in monetary terms
The most common use of the number Billion is the financial side. Billion dollars, billions, billionaires are all connected with.
What does a billion dollars look like?
So, citizen “A” must transfer one million dollars to citizen “B” in 100-dollar bills. One package (100 pieces) will have dimensions: 156 by 67 by 11 millimeters and a weight of 100 grams. One million 100 bank packages. If you put them in 5 layers (each layer consists of two rows of 10 packages), you get a parallelepiped 67 cm long, 32 cm wide, 6 cm high and weighing 10 kg. With such dimensions and weight, this amount can easily fit into a regular case. It is interesting that in some films much larger amounts and in smaller bills (usually 5, 10, 20 dollars) fit into a medium-sized suitcase, but if you take the same million in fives, then, remembering that all banknotes have the same size and the same weight, you need 20 cases.
What is the volume of a billion dollars?
Let's take a room in an ordinary "Khrushchev" building 5 meters long, 2.5 meters wide and 2.5 meters high. Will a billion go there? With the most rational method of stacking bank packages of 100 banknotes in each, 1,110 packages can be laid in one layer on a floor of 12.5 square meters (74 by 0.067 meters is equal to 4.96 meters, 15 * 0.157 meters = 2.36 meters, 74 by 15 exactly 1110 packs). We put 90 such rows on top of each other and we get 1110 by 90 exactly 99900 bank packs, multiply this number by 10,000 dollars and as a result we have 999 million dollars. Thus, if you fill such a room from wall to wall with 100-dollar bills to a height of 1 meter, put a case with another missing million on top and get a storage of one billion dollars in your apartment.
How To Make A Billion Dollars? - on the exchange!
How high will a billion dollars be?
If we imagine the height of the “stack” of 100 dollar bills in the amount of 1,000,000,000 dollars, then it will be 100,000 by 0.011 meters, exactly 1100 meters. For comparison, the tallest building in the world is the Burj Khalifa, located in Dubai (United United Arab Emirates), has a height of 828 meters. Ostankino TV towers (540 meters) will need exactly two such TV towers, stacked one on top of the other, to reach the height of such a “stack”.
What will be the weight of a billion dollars in banknotes?
A hundred-dollar bill weighs as much as 6-7 large ants, and $ 1,000,000,000 in weight (10 tons) is equal to the weight of a large African elephant (the largest African (savannah) elephant, included in the Guinness Book of Records, weighed more than 12 tons) or weight one and a half Kamaz dump trucks.
How much weight will a billion dollars in coins have?
The largest denomination coin in the United States is the 50 (half dollar) coin and weighs 11.34 grams. Two billion of these coins (one billion dollars) weigh (2,000,000,000 * 0.01134 kilograms) 22,680,000 kilograms or 22,680 tons, and this is already a herd of the largest African elephants of a thousand heads, and it will take 324 gondola car with a carrying capacity of 70 tons each.
The train carrying $ 1 billion should be called the Golden Train
What is a billion dollars?
Ruble billion in banknotes
In denominations of ten rubles 10 ք (0.94 grams) - 94 kg; in denominations of fifty rubles 50 ք (0.97 grams) - 19.4 kg; in denominations of one hundred rubles 100 ք (0.93 grams) - 9 300 g; in denominations of five hundred rubles 500 ք (0.97 grams) - 1 940 g; in denominations of one thousand rubles 1000 ք (1.04 grams) - 1 040 g; in denominations of five thousand rubles 5,000 ք (1.02 grams) - 204
Ruble billion in coins
In modern coins, a million rubles weighs: coins of 1 (1.49 grams) - 149 tons; coins of 5 kopecks (2.56 grams) - 51,200 kg; coins of 10 kopecks of the 1997 series (2 grams) - 20 tons; coins of 10 kopecks of the 2006 series (1.85 grams) - 18.5 tons; coins of 50 kopecks of the 1997 series (2.99 grams) - 5,980 kg; coins of 50 kopecks of the 2006 series ( 2.77 grams) - 5 540 kg; coins of one ruble 1 ք (3.2 grams) - 3 200 kg; coins of two rubles 2 ք (5.09 grams) - 2 545 kg; coins of five rubles 5 ք (6.45 grams) - 1,290 kg; coins of ten rubles 10 ք series 1997 (8.47 grams) - 847 kg; coins of ten rubles 10 ք series 2009 (5.68 grams) - 568 kg ...
How many billionaires are there in the world?
In 2014, 155 new dollar billionaires appeared in the world, and their total number reached a record level of 2,325 people. This is contained in a study by consulting Wealth-X and Swiss UBS.
In general, the number of billionaires has grown by 7.1 over the year. Their combined fortune is estimated at $ 7.3 trillion, up 12 percent from a year earlier. Europe has become the leader in the number of billionaires - 755 people. There are 609 billionaires in North America and 560 in Asia.
19 percent received their wealth by inheritance, a quarter relied on inheritance to achieve a billion-dollar fortune. 55 percent are self-made - they earned their money on their own.
Any idea, even the most stupid at first glance, can turn into your first billion
It is noteworthy that 35 percent of billionaires do not have higher education. Average age billionaire - 63 years old, his fortune - 3.1 billion. The study says that most of the wealthy do not earn their first billion until the age of 40. Wealth-X and UBS report that only four people in the world have wealth that exceeds 50 billion. The largest group is those who have earned 1-2 billion dollars.
The richest person in the world, as of July 15, 2014, is Mexican billionaire Carlos Slim ($ 79.6 billion). In the Russian Federation, the first place was taken by the founder of USM Holdings, the general director of Gazprominvestholding, Alisher Usmanov (18.6 billion).
American Forbes on March 2, 2015 released the annual world ranking of dollar billionaires, 29th in a row. The list includes 1,826 people. Their combined fortune is $ 7.05 trillion, $ 600 billion more than a year earlier. 290 people are newcomers to the ranking, 71 of them represent China. The list is "getting younger": a record number of participants, 46, were under 40 years old. The average fortune of Forbes -2015 is $ 3.86 billion, $ 60 million less than in 2014. owned by billionaires was estimated as of 13 February 2015
10 Youngest billionaires in the world as of 2015
How many billions of people are there in the world?
The population of the Earth is a collection of people living on Earth as a whole, continuously renewing in reproduction. It currently has over 7.5 billion people.
On October 31, 2011, several countries announced the birth of the world's seven billionth man. For example, Russia announced his birth in Kaliningrad. However, the International Institute for Applied Systems Analysis in Laxenburg (Austria) noted that 7 billion people will be overcome between July 2012 and April 2013. According to the demographic site worldstat.info, this event took place on February 20, 2012. The UN also notes that it is impossible to know exactly where the "jubilee baby" was born. That is why it was decided to abandon the practice of calling such a particular child.
Until the 1970s, the world's population was growing in a hyperbolic manner; at present, there is a progressive slowdown in the growth rate of the Earth's population. According to demographic studies, the population continues to grow rapidly, although the increase has almost halved since 1963, when it peaked [source unspecified 477 days. UN data 1994-2014 the number of people over 60 has doubled, there are now (2014) more elderly people in the world than children under the age of five. For development, Ban Ki-moon's report stated that the world's population has reached 7.2 billion. Scientists from the United Nations and the University of Washington claim that the world's population will reach 11 billion by 2100. More than 107 billion people were born on Earth in the entire history of mankind, which began 162 thousand years ago, calculated Peter Grunwald, an expert at the Dutch Center for Mathematics and Informatics.
Population of the Earth as of 2015
How many billions of stars are there in the universe?
All the stars of the Universe are unevenly distributed. Basically, they gather in groups and thus create galaxies. Consider, for example, our galaxy (the Milky Way). In total, it contains about 100 billion stars, although the Universe consists of trillions of the same galaxies.
Fascinating universe. The galaxy is endlessIf you do not take into account the most distant galaxies, then most of them are not visible with a telescope that operates in the optical range. They can only be seen with the help of an infrared probe called Herschel (launched in the spring of 2013). It is necessary to take into account the fact that no one will count the real number of stars: ordinary measurements will be carried out and a generalizing characteristic will be drawn up. Today, it is estimated that there are approximately a trillion trillion stars in existence.
The stars of the galaxy resemble falling snowflakes, billions and billions of stars - countless planets.
Billion barrels of oil equivalent
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The numbers only at first glance seem to be something ordinary and boring, but we are ready to prove the opposite to you. We invite you to familiarize yourself with interesting facts from the world of giant numbers. Many of them will make an unforgettable impression on you.
What large numbers look like
The system of writing large numbers is quite simple: each subsequent one is obtained by multiplying the previous one by a thousand. In other words, you need to add three zeros to the previous number: one thousand - three zeros, million - 6, billion - 9, trillion - 12; quadrillion -15; quintillion - 18. Let's try to imagine them:
- million - 1,000,000;
- billion - 1,000,000,000;
- trillion - 1,000,000,000,000;
- quintillion - 1,000,000,000,000,000,000;
- sextillion - 1,000,000,000,000,000,000,000;
- septillion - 1,000,000,000,000,000,000,000,000;
- octillion - 1,000,000,000,000,000,000,000,000,000;
- nonillion - 1,000,000,000,000,000,000,000,000,000,000.
Million and Billion
At the very bottom of the kind of ranking of large numbers is million... We quite often encounter him in everyday life. Compared to the rest of the giants, this number is not that great. It will be possible to count to a million in just a few months, as the American Jeremy Harper once proved during a three-month online marathon.
- a million seconds is equal to 11.5 days;
- a handful of sand contains a million grains of sand;
- the "book of books" of the Bible contains two and a half million letters;
- the typographic point is exactly a million times larger than a water molecule;
- if theoretically it was possible to build a building with a million floors, then its height would be about 2.5 thousand kilometers.
Billion is ten to the ninth power. A more solid number. Do you want to visualize its magnitude? Try to mentally reduce our planet by a billion times, then it will become only the size of a grape. A billion water molecules in a row will take about 30 centimeters. A billion seconds - the age of a fairly adult person is 31.7 years. A billion minutes in total is 19 centuries. That is, the modern chronology system started counting its second billion minutes only in 1902.
Trillion to googol
After a million and a billion, there are truly number giants that are rarely used in everyday life and to understand how big they are, we will have to use all our imaginations.
Trillion is ten to the 12th degree.
- a trillion seconds lasts more than 31 thousand years (that is how many years ago the Neanderthals disappeared);
- A trillion bacteria are equal in volume to one standard cube of sugar;
- people breathe in 6 trillion kilograms of air per year;
- an electron magnified a trillion times will be the size of a pea;
- a trillion bricks can be used to build 30 million one-story private houses of 100 square meters;
- a trillion-fold enlarged matchbox will hold Solar system with all planets, satellites, asteroids and comets.
Quadrillion- 10 to the fifteenth power.
About a quadrillion dollars will cost a mountain 200 meters high, consisting entirely of pure platinum. An adult's body is home to a quadrillion bacteria of various types(their total weight is 2 kg). A quadrillion ants live on earth
Quintillion- ten to the 18th degree.
- the diameter of our Milky Way galaxy is a quintillillion kilometers;
- a quintillion of bacteria will fit in one beer keg;
- a quintillion of molecules, contained in an amount of ink that is barely enough to write the word quintillion;
- a quintillion of thin student notebooks can be covered with a continuous layer almost half a meter thick!
Sextillion- 10 to the 21st degree. An aluminum ball with a diameter of several millimeters consists of a sextillion of atoms. The Earth's hydrosphere weighs 1.5 sextillion.
Septillion- 10 to 24 degrees. 10 septillion molecules are contained in an ordinary glass of water. A chain of 50 septillion poppy seeds will stretch all the way to the Andromeda Nebula. The planet Earth weighs 6 septillion kilograms, and the total number of stars in the observable Universe is "only" one septillion.
Quintillion- 10 to the 30th power.
- the sun weighs 2 nonillion kilograms;
- 5 bars of platinum, the size of our planet, could hypothetically cost a non-million dollars;
- the lifetime of a proton is at least nonillion years;
- the body of an elephant is made up of nonillion molecules.
In higher mathematics, much larger numbers are used for calculations. The smallest of these is googol. It is one followed by one hundred zeros. The visible part of the Universe consists of a googol of elementary particles. This number was first mentioned in 1938 by the American mathematician Edward Kasner. The very word "googol" was coined by the scientist's ten-year-old nephew. By the way, the popular search engine Google got its name (albeit a little distorted) precisely from the number of googol.
Hugol(from English googol) - one followed by 100 zeros: 10,000,000,000,000,000,000,000,000,000,000,000,000,000,000,000,000,000,000,000,000,000,000,000,000,000,000,000,000,000,000,000,000,000,000,000,000,000,000,000,000,000,000,000,000,000,000,000,000,000,000,000,000,000,000,000,000,000,000,000,000,000,000,000,000,000,000,000,000,000,000,000,000,000,000,000,000,000
From the history of large numbers
V Ancient rome the names of numbers were limited to a thousand, all the rest were already composite. For example, a million was called decies centena milia, literally ten thousand hundred.
Even in Dahl's dictionary, such a number was mentioned as a myriad - a hundred hundred, that is, 10,000 (the English name is myriad). It came to us from Ancient egypt, but in the literal sense has not been used for a long time. Now it is sometimes used in the meaning of an indefinite set.
In one of the ancient (100 BC) Buddhist treatises, the number of asankheya is mentioned: 10 to 140 degrees. According to ancient teachings, this is the number of earthly cycles required to comprehend nirvana.
The ancient Slavs also had a special system of large numbers with original names:
- 10,000 - darkness;
- 100,000 - legion;
- 1,000,000 - leodr;
- 10,000,000 is a raven or a lie;
- 100,000,000 is a deck.
The table below shows the nominal names of the degrees of a thousand in ascending order. In the short scale, each successive named unit contains 1000 of the previous named units; in the long scale, the new named unit contains a million of the previous ones.
| Name | Meaning | |
| Short scale | Long scale | |
| thousand (thousand) | 10 3 | 10 3 |
| million (million) | 10 6 | 10 6 |
| billion (billion) | 10 9 | 10 9 |
| billion | 10 9 | 10 12 |
| billiard | — | 10 15 |
| trillion (trillion) | 10 12 | 10 18 |
| trillion | — | 10 21 |
| quadrillion | 10 15 | 10 24 |
| quadrillion | — | 10 27 |
| quintillion | 10 18 | 10 30 |
| quintilliard | — | 10 33 |
| sextillion | 10 21 | 10 36 |
| sexbillion | — | 10 39 |
| septillion | 10 24 | 10 42 |
| septilliard | — | 10 45 |
| octillion | 10 27 | 10 48 |
| octilliard | — | 10 51 |
| quintillion | 10 30 | 10 54 |
| nonbillion | — | 10 57 |
| decillion | 10 33 | 10 60 |
| decillion | — | 10 63 |
| undecillion | 10 36 | 10 66 |
| undecilliard | — | 10 69 |
| dodecillion | 10 39 | 10 72 |
| dodecilliard | — | 10 75 |
| tredecillion | 10 42 | 10 78 |
| tredecilliard | — | 10 81 |
| quattuorddecillion | 10 45 | 10 84 |
| quattuorddecilliard | — | 10 87 |
| quindecillion | 10 48 | 10 90 |
| quindecilliard | — | 10 93 |
| sedecillion | 10 51 | 10 96 |
| sedecilliard | — | 10 99 |
| septedecillion | 10 54 | 10 102 |
| septedecilliard | — | 10 105 |
| octodecillion | 10 57 | 10 108 |
| octodecilliard | — | 10 111 |
| novemdecillion | 10 60 | 10 114 |
| novemdecillion | — | 10 117 |
| vigintillion | 10 63 | 10 120 |
| vigintilliard | — | 10 123 |
| anvigintillion | 10 66 | 10 126 |
| anvigintilliard | — | 10 129 |
| duovigintillion | 10 69 | 10 132 |
| duovigintilliard | — | 10 135 |
| trevigintillion | 10 72 | 10 138 |
| trevigintilliard | — | 10 141 |
| quattorvigintillion | 10 75 | 10 144 |
| quattorvigintilliard | — | 10 147 |
| quinvigintillion | 10 78 | 10 150 |
| quinvigintilliard | — | 10 153 |
| sexvigintillion | 10 81 | 10 156 |
| sexwigintilliard | — | 10 159 |
| septemwigintillion | 10 84 | 10 162 |
| septemwigintilliard | — | 10 165 |
| octovigintillion | 10 87 | 10 168 |
| octovigintilliard | — | 10 171 |
| novemvigintillion | 10 90 | 10 174 |
| novemvigintilliard | — | 10 177 |
| trigintillion | 10 93 | 10 180 |
| trigintilliard | — | 10 183 |
| antrigintillion | 10 96 | 10 186 |
| antrigintilliard | — | 10 189 |
| duotrigintillion | 10 99 | 10 192 |
| duotrigintilliard | — | 10 195 |
| quadragintillion | 10 123 | 10 240 |
| quadragintilliard | — | 10 243 |
| quinquagintillion | 10 153 | 10 300 |
| quinquagintilliard | — | 10 303 |
| sexagintillion | 10 183 | 10 360 |
| sexagintilliard | — | 10 363 |
| septuagintillion | 10 213 | 10 420 |
| septuagintilliard | — | 10 423 |
| octogintillion | 10 243 | 10 480 |
| octogintilliard | — | 10 483 |
| nonagintillion | 10 273 | 10 540 |
| nonagintilliard | — | 10 543 |
| centillion | 10 303 | 10 600 |
| centilliard | — | 10 603 |
| antcentillion | 10 306 | 10 606 |
| antintilliard | — | 10 609 |
| duocentillion | 10 309 | 10 612 |
| duocentilliard | — | 10 615 |
| trecentillion | 10 312 | 10 618 |
| trecentilliard | — | 10 621 |
| quattorcentillion | 10 315 | 10 624 |
| quattorcentilliard | — | 10 627 |
| decicentillion | 10 333 | 10 660 |
| decicentilliard | — | 10 663 |
| undecicentillion | 10 336 | 10 666 |
| undecicentilliard | — | 10 669 |
| viginticentillion | 10 363 | 10 720 |
| viginticentilliard | — | 10 723 |
| tretrigintacentillion | 10 402 | 10 798 |
| tretrigintazentilliard | — | 10 801 |
| ducentillion | 10 603 | 10 1200 |
| ducentilliard | — | 10 1203 |
| tricentillion | 10 903 | 10 1800 |
| tricentilliard | — | 10 1803 |
| quadringentillion | 10 1203 | 10 2400 |
| quadringentilliard | — | 10 2403 |
| quingentillion | 10 1503 | 10 3000 |
| quingentilliard | — | 10 3003 |
| sescentillion | 10 1803 | 10 3600 |
| sescentilliard | — | 10 3603 |
| septingentillion | 10 2103 | 10 4200 |
| septingentilliard | — | 10 4203 |
| octingentillion | 10 2403 | 10 4800 |
| octingentilliard | — | 10 4803 |
| nongentillion | 10 2703 | 10 5400 |
| nongentilliard | — | 10 5403 |
| a million (or a million) | 10 3003 | 10 6000 |
| billion (or billion) | — | 10 6003 |
| duomillion | 10 6003 | 10 12000 |
| duomilialliard | — | 10 12003 |
| tremillion | 10 9003 | 10 18000 |
| tremillion | — | 10 18003 |
| quattormillion | 10 12003 | 10 24000 |
| quattormillion | — | 10 24003 |
| quinquemillion | 10 15003 | 10 30000 |
| quinquemilliard | — | 10 30003 |
| ducentduomilianongentnovemdecillion | 10 308760 | 10 617514 |
| ducentduomilianongentnovemdecilliard | — | 10 617517 |
| milliamillion | 10 3000003 | 10 6000000 |
| milliamillion | — | 10 6000003 |
| duomiliamilillion | 10 6000003 | 10 12000000 |
| duomiliamilillion | — | 10 12000003 |
Back in the fourth grade, I was interested in the question: "What are the names of numbers over a billion? And why?" Since then, I have been looking for all the information on this issue for a long time and collecting it bit by bit. But with the advent of Internet access, searches have accelerated significantly. Now I present all the information I have found so that others can also answer the question: "What are the names of large and very large numbers?"
A bit of history
The southern and eastern Slavic peoples used alphabetical numbering to write numbers. Moreover, among the Russians, not all letters played the role of numbers, but only those that are in the Greek alphabet. A special "titlo" icon was placed above the letter denoting the number. At the same time, the numerical values of the letters increased in the same order in which the letters in the Greek alphabet followed (the order of the letters in the Slavic alphabet was somewhat different).
In Russia, Slavic numbering was preserved until the end of the 17th century. Under Peter I, the so-called "Arabic numbering" prevailed, which we still use today.
There were also changes in the names of the numbers. For example, until the 15th century, the number "twenty" was designated as "two ten" (two tens), but then it was shortened for a faster pronunciation. Until the 15th century, the number "forty" was denoted by the word "fourty", and in the 15th-16th centuries this word was supplanted by the word "forty", which originally meant a sack containing 40 squirrel or sable skins. There are two variants of the origin of the word "thousand": from the old name "thick one hundred" or from a modification of the Latin word centum - "one hundred".
The name "million" first appeared in Italy in 1500 and was formed by adding a magnifying suffix to the number "millet" - a thousand (that is, it meant "a large thousand"), it penetrated into the Russian language later, and before that the same meaning in in Russian it was denoted by the number "leodr". The word "billion" came into use only since the Franco-Prussian war (1871), when the French had to pay Germany an indemnity of 5,000,000,000 francs. Like “million,” the word “billion” comes from the root “thousand” with the addition of an Italian augmentation suffix. In Germany and America for some time the word "billion" meant the number 100,000,000; this explains that the word billionaire was used in America before any of the wealthy had $ 1,000,000,000. In the old (XVIII century) "Arithmetic" of Magnitsky, a table of the names of numbers is given, brought to "quadrillion" (10 ^ 24, according to the system after 6 digits). Perelman Ya.I. in the book "Entertaining arithmetic" the names of large numbers of that time are given, somewhat different from those of today: septillion (10 ^ 42), octalion (10 ^ 48), nonalion (10 ^ 54), decallion (10 ^ 60), endecalion (10 ^ 66), dodecalion (10 ^ 72) and it is written that "there are no further names".
Naming Principles and List of Large Numbers
All the names of large numbers are constructed in a rather simple way: at the beginning there is a Latin ordinal number, and at the end the suffix-million is added to it. The exception is the name "million" which is the name of the number one thousand (mille) and the augmentation suffix-million. There are two main types of names for large numbers in the world:
3x + 3 system (where x is a Latin ordinal number) - this system is used in Russia, France, USA, Canada, Italy, Turkey, Brazil, Greece
and the 6x system (where x is a Latin ordinal number) - this system is the most common in the world (for example: Spain, Germany, Hungary, Portugal, Poland, Czech Republic, Sweden, Denmark, Finland). In it, the missing intermediate 6x + 3 end with the suffix -billion (from it we borrowed a billion, which is also called a billion).
The general list of numbers used in Russia is presented below:
| Number | Name | Latin numeral | Increasing prefix SI | Reducing prefix SI | Practical value |
| 10 1 | ten | deca | deci- | Number of fingers on 2 hands | |
| 10 2 | one hundred | hecto- | centi- | About half the number of all states on Earth | |
| 10 3 | one thousand | kilo | Milli- | Approximate number of days in 3 years | |
| 10 6 | million | unus (I) | mega- | micro- | 5 times the number of drops in a 10 liter bucket of water |
| 10 9 | billion (billion) | duo (II) | giga- | nano- | Approximate population of India |
| 10 12 | trillion | tres (III) | tera- | pico | 1/13 of the gross domestic product of Russia in rubles for 2003 |
| 10 15 | quadrillion | quattor (IV) | peta- | femto- | 1/30 parsec length in meters |
| 10 18 | quintillion | quinque (V) | ex- | atto- | 1/18 of the number of grains from the legendary chess inventor award |
| 10 21 | sextillion | sex (VI) | zetta- | chain | 1/6 the mass of planet Earth in tons |
| 10 24 | septillion | septem (VII) | yotta- | yokto- | The number of molecules in 37.2 liters of air |
| 10 27 | octillion | octo (VIII) | no- | sieve- | Half the mass of Jupiter in kilograms |
| 10 30 | quintillion | novem (IX) | de- | thread- | 1/5 of all microorganisms on the planet |
| 10 33 | decillion | decem (X) | una- | roaring | Half the mass of the Sun in grams |
The pronunciation of the numbers below is often different.
| Number | Name | Latin numeral | Practical value |
| 10 36 | andecillion | undecim (XI) | |
| 10 39 | duodecillion | duodecim (XII) | |
| 10 42 | tredecillion | tredecim (XIII) | 1/100 of the number of air molecules on Earth |
| 10 45 | quattordecillion | quattuordecim (XIV) | |
| 10 48 | quindecillion | quindecim (XV) | |
| 10 51 | sexdecillion | sedecim (XVI) | |
| 10 54 | septemdecillion | septendecim (XVII) | |
| 10 57 | octodecillion | So many elementary particles in the sun | |
| 10 60 | novemdecillion | ||
| 10 63 | vigintillion | viginti (XX) | |
| 10 66 | anvigintillion | unus et viginti (XXI) | |
| 10 69 | duovigintillion | duo et viginti (XXII) | |
| 10 72 | trevigintillion | tres et viginti (XXIII) | |
| 10 75 | quattorvigintillion | ||
| 10 78 | quinvigintillion | ||
| 10 81 | sexvigintillion | So many elementary particles in the universe | |
| 10 84 | septemwigintillion | ||
| 10 87 | octovigintillion | ||
| 10 90 | novemvigintillion | ||
| 10 93 | trigintillion | triginta (XXX) | |
| 10 96 | antrigintillion |
- ...
- 10 100 - googol (the number was invented by the 9-year-old nephew of the American mathematician Edward Kasner)
- 10 123 - quadragintillion (quadraginta, XL)
- 10 153 - quinquaginta, L
- 10,183 - sexaginta (LX)
- 10 213 - septuagintillion (septuaginta, LXX)
- 10 243 - octogintillion (octoginta, LXXX)
- 10 273 - nonagintillion (nonaginta, XC)
- 10,303 - centillion (Centum, C)
- 10 306 - antcentillion or centunillion
- 10 309 - duocentillion or centduollion
- 10 312 - trecentillion or centtrillion
- 10 315 - quattorcentillion or centquadrillion
- 10 402 - tretrigintacentillion or centtretrigintillion
Numbers further:
Some literary references:
- Perelman Ya.I. "Entertaining arithmetic". - M .: Triada-Litera, 1994, pp. 134-140
- Vygodsky M. Ya. "Handbook of Elementary Mathematics". - S-Pb., 1994, pp. 64-65
- "Encyclopedia of Knowledge". - comp. IN AND. Korotkevich. - St. Petersburg: Owl, 2006, p. 257
- "Interesting about physics and mathematics." - Library Kvant. no. 50. - M .: Nauka, 1988, p. 50
Back in the fourth grade, I was interested in the question: "What are the names of numbers over a billion? And why?" Since then, I have been looking for all the information on this issue for a long time and collecting it bit by bit. But with the advent of Internet access, searches have accelerated significantly. Now I present all the information I have found so that others can also answer the question: "What are the names of large and very large numbers?"
A bit of history
The southern and eastern Slavic peoples used alphabetical numbering to write numbers. Moreover, among the Russians, not all letters played the role of numbers, but only those that are in the Greek alphabet. A special "titlo" icon was placed above the letter denoting the number. At the same time, the numerical values of the letters increased in the same order in which the letters in the Greek alphabet followed (the order of the letters in the Slavic alphabet was somewhat different).
In Russia, Slavic numbering was preserved until the end of the 17th century. Under Peter I, the so-called "Arabic numbering" prevailed, which we still use today.
There were also changes in the names of the numbers. For example, until the 15th century, the number "twenty" was designated as "two ten" (two tens), but then it was shortened for a faster pronunciation. Until the 15th century, the number "forty" was denoted by the word "fourty", and in the 15th-16th centuries this word was supplanted by the word "forty", which originally meant a sack containing 40 squirrel or sable skins. There are two variants of the origin of the word "thousand": from the old name "thick one hundred" or from a modification of the Latin word centum - "one hundred".
The name "million" first appeared in Italy in 1500 and was formed by adding a magnifying suffix to the number "millet" - a thousand (that is, it meant "a large thousand"), it penetrated into the Russian language later, and before that the same meaning in in Russian it was denoted by the number "leodr". The word "billion" came into use only since the Franco-Prussian war (1871), when the French had to pay Germany an indemnity of 5,000,000,000 francs. Like “million,” the word “billion” comes from the root “thousand” with the addition of an Italian augmentation suffix. In Germany and America for some time the word "billion" meant the number 100,000,000; this explains that the word billionaire was used in America before any of the wealthy had $ 1,000,000,000. In the old (XVIII century) "Arithmetic" of Magnitsky, a table of the names of numbers is given, brought to "quadrillion" (10 ^ 24, according to the system after 6 digits). Perelman Ya.I. in the book "Entertaining arithmetic" the names of large numbers of that time are given, somewhat different from those of today: septillion (10 ^ 42), octalion (10 ^ 48), nonalion (10 ^ 54), decallion (10 ^ 60), endecalion (10 ^ 66), dodecalion (10 ^ 72) and it is written that "there are no further names".
Naming Principles and List of Large Numbers
All the names of large numbers are constructed in a rather simple way: at the beginning there is a Latin ordinal number, and at the end the suffix-million is added to it. The exception is the name "million" which is the name of the number one thousand (mille) and the augmentation suffix-million. There are two main types of names for large numbers in the world:
3x + 3 system (where x is a Latin ordinal number) - this system is used in Russia, France, USA, Canada, Italy, Turkey, Brazil, Greece
and the 6x system (where x is a Latin ordinal number) - this system is the most common in the world (for example: Spain, Germany, Hungary, Portugal, Poland, Czech Republic, Sweden, Denmark, Finland). In it, the missing intermediate 6x + 3 end with the suffix -billion (from it we borrowed a billion, which is also called a billion).
The general list of numbers used in Russia is presented below:
| Number | Name | Latin numeral | Increasing prefix SI | Reducing prefix SI | Practical value |
| 10 1 | ten | deca | deci- | Number of fingers on 2 hands | |
| 10 2 | one hundred | hecto- | centi- | About half the number of all states on Earth | |
| 10 3 | one thousand | kilo | Milli- | Approximate number of days in 3 years | |
| 10 6 | million | unus (I) | mega- | micro- | 5 times the number of drops in a 10 liter bucket of water |
| 10 9 | billion (billion) | duo (II) | giga- | nano- | Approximate population of India |
| 10 12 | trillion | tres (III) | tera- | pico | 1/13 of the gross domestic product of Russia in rubles for 2003 |
| 10 15 | quadrillion | quattor (IV) | peta- | femto- | 1/30 parsec length in meters |
| 10 18 | quintillion | quinque (V) | ex- | atto- | 1/18 of the number of grains from the legendary chess inventor award |
| 10 21 | sextillion | sex (VI) | zetta- | chain | 1/6 the mass of planet Earth in tons |
| 10 24 | septillion | septem (VII) | yotta- | yokto- | The number of molecules in 37.2 liters of air |
| 10 27 | octillion | octo (VIII) | no- | sieve- | Half the mass of Jupiter in kilograms |
| 10 30 | quintillion | novem (IX) | de- | thread- | 1/5 of all microorganisms on the planet |
| 10 33 | decillion | decem (X) | una- | roaring | Half the mass of the Sun in grams |
| Number | Name | Latin numeral | Practical value |
| 10 36 | andecillion | undecim (XI) | |
| 10 39 | duodecillion | duodecim (XII) | |
| 10 42 | tredecillion | tredecim (XIII) | 1/100 of the number of air molecules on Earth |
| 10 45 | quattordecillion | quattuordecim (XIV) | |
| 10 48 | quindecillion | quindecim (XV) | |
| 10 51 | sexdecillion | sedecim (XVI) | |
| 10 54 | septemdecillion | septendecim (XVII) | |
| 10 57 | octodecillion | So many elementary particles in the sun | |
| 10 60 | novemdecillion | ||
| 10 63 | vigintillion | viginti (XX) | |
| 10 66 | anvigintillion | unus et viginti (XXI) | |
| 10 69 | duovigintillion | duo et viginti (XXII) | |
| 10 72 | trevigintillion | tres et viginti (XXIII) | |
| 10 75 | quattorvigintillion | ||
| 10 78 | quinvigintillion | ||
| 10 81 | sexvigintillion | So many elementary particles in the universe | |
| 10 84 | septemwigintillion | ||
| 10 87 | octovigintillion | ||
| 10 90 | novemvigintillion | ||
| 10 93 | trigintillion | triginta (XXX) | |
| 10 96 | antrigintillion |
-
...
- 10 100 - googol (the number was invented by the 9-year-old nephew of the American mathematician Edward Kasner)
- 10 123 - quadragintillion (quadraginta, XL)
- 10 153 - quinquaginta, L
- 10,183 - sexaginta (LX)
- 10 213 - septuagintillion (septuaginta, LXX)
- 10 243 - octogintillion (octoginta, LXXX)
- 10 273 - nonagintillion (nonaginta, XC)
- 10,303 - centillion (Centum, C)
Further names can be obtained either by direct or reverse order of Latin numerals (as it is correct, it is not known):
- 10 306 - antcentillion or centunillion
- 10 309 - duocentillion or centduollion
- 10 312 - trecentillion or centtrillion
- 10 315 - quattorcentillion or centquadrillion
- 10 402 - tretrigintacentillion or centtretrigintillion
I believe that the second spelling option will be the most correct, since it is more consistent with the construction of numerals in Latin and avoids ambiguities (for example, in the number trecentillion, which, according to the first spelling, is 10 903 and 10 312).
At the beginning of the development of human society, people were able to count only a few objects. Further calculations were simply not made. Large numbers fell under the general concept of "many." Over time, the ancient people had the numbers five, six, seven, and so on. In times Ancient Rus the maximum number was ten thousand. Anything that exceeded this figure was called "darkness." Hence the common expression "dark darkness" arose from, which can be interpreted as "very much."
With the development of human society, it became necessary to count many more objects or phenomena. The word billion was introduced into circulation relatively recently. The need to introduce a new number arose after the end of the Franco-Prussian War.... Then France had to pay an indemnity to Germany in the amount of 5,000,000,000 francs. For a long time, in different countries, the word billion was understood as completely different numbers. The debate about how many zeros in 1 billion did not subside until the seventies of the last century.
The debate over zeros: nine or twelve?
Due to the confusion about how many zeros there were, there were many incidents and even conflicts. For example, in the United States of America in the nineteenth century, the number 100,000,000 was called a billion. Therefore, people were called billionaires long before the first owner of 1,000,000,000 dollars appeared.
A similar story happened with the number one million. The word “billion”, like “million”, comes from “thousand”. Then the Italian magnifying suffix is added to it. The discrepancy in the understanding of how many zeros are in one billion are associated with different systems of naming numbers. There are two of them:
- long;
- short.
In England, a long scale was used, and a short one was used in the USA. According to the first of them, the subsequent number that comes after the million was 1,000,000 times more than the previous one. One billion according to this system is equal to "a million million." Therefore, the figure contained twelve zeros. The short system was based on the fact that each subsequent number that comes after a million is a thousand times larger than the previous one. In this scale, a billion is called a billion, but in it the usual 9 zeros... Such discrepancies caused a lot of controversy and conflicts among scientists and economists.
In 1974, the short system began to be used in England. But for many years, English scientists continued to argue about how many zeros in a billion, and used the old scale. Only over time, there was a complete transition to the new rules. Now in most countries of the world, a short system has been adopted, in which after billion there is a trillion.
How does the number sequence continue?
The numerical scale of large numbers is quite large. What comes after the billion, we present to you in the following table:
This table clearly shows that there are more than a billion. It contains an incomplete list of numbers. It clearly shows how huge the number series is. Most of the numbers mentioned at the end of the table are rarely used. Most people don't even know the names of the numbers after the trillion.
Watch the video:
What is the biggest number?
At the beginning of the twentieth century, the mathematician from the United States Kasner walked in the park with his nephews. The conversation turned to big numbers. In the course of the conversation, a discussion arose about the name of the number with one hundred zeros. It turned out that at that time it did not exist. One of the boys came up with his own designation for this figure - googol.
The figure has no serious practical significance, but it has become a part of everyday life. Googol is used to demonstrate the difference between an incredibly large number and the concept of infinity during training.
Soon, the same mathematician proposed a name for a number with a googol of zeros. The term was named googolplex. This figure significantly exceeds the number of elementary particles in space.
Watch the video on the biggest numbers:
